The Jewish Journal Archive
May 10- May 23, 2002

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editorial

Yasher Koach, Judith

After five years as a member of the editorial staff of The Jewish Journal, Judith Klein will publish her last issue on May 24. For the staff of this newspaper, it will be a difficult goodbye to a professional whose writing skills have been recognized nationally and whose organizational skills have made the Journal a better place in which to work. The staff wishes Judith yashear koach in whatever her next endeavor will be.

When Judith arrived at The Journal in 1997, she "looked forward to a new challenge and a chance to return to my first love of journalism." As she leaves the editorship of The Journal, she leaves behind a legacy of professional integrity, public discourse, and a climate conducive to the free and open exchange of ideas and opinions from a diverse local and national constituency. It is difficult to be the editor of an independent community newspaper. A Jewish community publication has its own special influences. Despite the crush of pressures, Judith always stood firm supporting the mission of the paper as a forum within the community for the exchange of information and ideas of Jewish concern.

The Jewish Journal, under Judith Klein's editorship, has strongly supported the Jewish community of the North Shore - and the State of Israel - by presenting a wide range of opinions and viewpoints. Her dedication to high journalistic standards, which requires that articles and press releases omit editorializing comments, first person pronouns, incorrect grammar or untoward repetition of any organization's tag line or mission, has sometimes been misinterpreted as a lack of support by some. It is not! Rather, it has always been a statement of her commitment to producing a quality newspaper for the entire community rather than an organizational newsletter or house organ.

The Journal will soon have new leadership at the helm, leadership which hopefully will continue the legacy of excellence Judith Klein has left. Before she leaves, we say to Judith, thank you for raising the bar high, and helping us reach it.

Gerald Posner, Publisher

From the President

The Editorial in the April 26th issue of The Jewish Journal ("To Be or Not to Be") implied that the independence of this newspaper is threatened. Coming at a time when both the current Publisher and Editor have resigned, it asked, "Should the newspaper be entirely independent when it comes to determining editing and contents? Should [it] continue to follow its mission to provide disparate and varying points of view on everything from Israel to intermarriage?"

Many readers have wondered what's going on. Some have asked "Has The Journal lost its independence? Will its pages no longer carry the lively exchange of viewpoints that have made it an interesting Jewish community newspaper?"

The answer is an emphatic "No!" We remain as committed as ever to the Mission that has guided this newspaper for 26 years. And the evidence of this commitment appears in every issue, particularly in the Opinion and Letters to the Editor sections.

But perhaps the real issue raised in the April 26 Editorial is "who determines the general direction and policies of the newspaper - the publisher and the editor, or the Journal's Board of Overseers?" Well, according to the By-Laws that have governed the paper since it was founded, the community Board of Overseers "shall have final authority and responsibility for the direction, editorial content and management" of The Journal.

It's to be expected that the Board of Overseers, from time to time, has had differences with the staff over editorials and other matters. Indeed, the 22 community Board members often disagree among themselves - which should be no surprise given that their views and connections to Judaism are about as "disparate and varying" as you could imagine. We thrash them out.

Yet, as varied as the backgrounds and views of Overseers may be, we are all committed to the independence and quality of this Jewish community newspaper. And we will demonstrate our commitment in the weeks and months ahead.

Just so you know what we believe in, here is our Mission Statement. We hope you will continue to read The Journal, enjoy its contents, see your own views and news reflected in its pages, and let us know how we can continue to make it a better Jewish community newspaper. As always, we are ready to listen.

The Mission of The Jewish Journal

"The primary purpose of this corporation is to establish and publish a newspaper addressing itself to the interests, concerns and well-being of the Jewish communities north of Boston .... These interests expressly include:

Reporting on subjects which create and maintain links between the community, Israel and Jews in every part of the world;

The enrichment of the educational cultural and social life of the community; Promoting and defending the civic, economic and religious rights of the Jewish people consistent with the traditions and limitations of the press; and

Providing a source and forum within the community for the exchange of Information and Ideas of Jewish concern."

(Journal By-Laws, Article II)

Rick Borten President, Board of Overseers

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feature stories

'Freedom Brigade' Theme of Speakers Forum

ROBERT POWELL
Special to The Jewish Journal

Dr. Charles Jacobs, the co-founder and president of the American Anti-Slavery Group, and Francis Bok, an escaped slave from Sudan, will speak on Thursday, June 20, at 7 p.m. at Temple Israel in Swampscott.

Jacobs, who is also director of the Sudan Campaign, and Bok will appear as participants in the third annual Max and Betty Walker Distinguished Speakers Forum. This year's Forum, entitled "The Freedom Brigade," is also a Swampscott Community Event, as well as a "No Place for Hate" community program.

Jacobs graduated from Rutgers University and received his Doctorate from Harvard in 1989. As a teenager, Jacobs was active in the civil rights movement, and attended Dr. Martin Luther King's March on Washington in 1963.

In 1993, Jacobs learned about the continuing existence of traditional slavery in North Africa and, with a group of African human rights activists, formed the American Anti-Slavery Group, which monitors and combats modern-day human bondage around the globe.

In 1994, Jacobs' article in The New York Times broke the story of chattel slavery in Sudan and Mauritania. Since then, with help from volunteers across the United States, Jacobs has built a "new abolitionist" movement - among religious groups, on college campuses, and in high schools. His work has been featured in publications including the Wall Street Journal, The New Yorker, and The Boston Globe. He has also appeared on ABC's World News Tonight, NPR's Talk of the Nation, and CBS This Morning.

In 1996 and 1999, Jacobs testified before the House of Representatives on slavery in Sudan and Mauritania. In September of 1999, Jacobs met with Secretary of State Madeline Albright and encouraged her to end the Clinton Administration's silence on the genocide, ethnic cleansing, and slavery in Sudan.

In May 2000, Jacobs was appointed Director of The Sudan Campaign, a coalition of activist and rights groups calling for an end to slavery and slaughter in Africa's largest nation. In September, he testified to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee alongside three survivors of slavery from around the world.

On September 18, 2000, the City of Boston and Coretta Scott King presented Jacobs with the Boston Freedom Award, recognizing his commitment to advancing Boston's legacy of fighting for liberty. "Dr. Jacobs, I am personally inspired by your tireless dedication to alleviate the oppression of chattel slavery," King stated. "Your efforts have given a powerful voice and new hope to the victims of this festering injustice."

In April of 2001, Dr. Jacobs joined a slave redemption mission in Sudan that helped liberate over 2,900 enslaved women and children.

Francis Bok is a 22-year-old native of Southern Sudan. At the age of seven, he was captured and enslaved during an Arab militia raid on the village of Nymlal (outside Aweil) on May 15, 1986. Bok saw adults and children brutalized and killed all around him. He was strapped to a donkey and taken north to Kirio.

For ten years, he lived as the family slave to Giema Abdullah, forced to sleep with cattle, endure daily beatings, and eat terrible food. Always called "abeed" (black slave), Bok was given an Arabic name - Dut Giema Abdullah - and forced to perform Islamic prayers.

In December of 1996, Bok escaped to the nearby town of Matari, where he was enslaved by local policemen for two months. But an Arab truck driver helped Bok escape and eventually to reach Khartoum, the capital. In Khartoum, Bok was arrested by the security forces and jailed for seven months. After being released, Bok escaped to Cairo. In 1999, the United Nations resettled him in North Dakota. Bok is now an Associate at the American Anti-Slavery Group in Boston.

On May 23, 2000, Bok spoke out for the first time at a Capitol Hill ceremony with Senators and Congressmen, sharing his message: "We cannot rest until my people are free." On September 18, 2000 Mr. Bok spoke alongside Coretta Scott King, widow the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., at the Boston Freedom Award ceremony.

On September 28, 2000, Bok became the first escaped slave to testify before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in hearings on Sudan that were broadcast live on C-Span. Later that day, Bok met with Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and urged her to take action against slavery. On December 4, 2000, he headlined a panel discussion on slavery at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government.

Bok has been featured in the Boston Globe, the Christian Science Monitor, and dozens of other newspapers, and has appeared on numerous radio and TV shows, including Black Entertainment Television.

"While Swampscott celebrates 150 years of freedom, we will pause on June 20 to reflect on those still trapped in human bondage," said Alan Samiljan, president of Temple Israel.

According to Temple Israel Rabbi Neal Joseph Loevinger: "Every day of the week, in every Jewish prayer service, Jews remember that we were once held captive in the house of bondage. We believe God continues to stand with all enslaved peoples, and that freedom, dignity, and basic human rights are the inheritance of every person on Earth. So it's especially important that Jews continue to tell the story of slavery and freedom, because this evil still exists."

The Speakers Forum, which began in 2000, has featured Nobel Peace Prize laureates, including former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, former Polish President Lech Walesa, and Betty Williams.

Admission to the Speakers Forum is free. A donation of $10 for adults and $5 for seniors and students is suggested. A portion of the money raised will be donated to the American Anti-Slavery Group. For more information or reservations, call 781-595-6635.

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New Tufts Prez Keeps It Kosher on Campus

JUDITH KLEIN
Jewish Journal Staff

Lawrence S. Bacow, recently installed as president of Tufts University, likes to say that the naming of a Jewish college president is hardly newsworthy anymore. After all, MIT named Jerry Weisner in 1970, and since then Jewish presidents have reigned at prestigious institutions from Dartmouth to Harvard, Penn to Princeton. If that isn't evidence enough that times have changed and society is willing to accept "people of all sorts" in positions of power, Bacow points to the recent nomination of Joe Lieberman for vice-president.

All that said, Bacow does admit he gets letters from Tufts alumni who graduated in the 40s and 50s, saying they never thought they would live to see the day. And, the new Tufts head boasts, every door of the President's mansion on the Medford campus now hosts a mezzuzah, while the kitchen has been koshered for his family's use.

Bacow's strong commitment to Judaism and the Jewish community is clear from his positions as a director of the Jewish Community Housing for the Elderly and a trustee of Hebrew College, and his wife's role as a trustee of Temple Emmanuel in Newton. He believes it is important for American Jews to "speak up on behalf of Israel and to show their support visibly," yet he understands the complexities of the situation. "I think it's a difficult time right now. It's not only a difficult time for Israel but for others in the Middle East. As American Jews, we need to recognize that," he says.

Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, a noted graduate school at Tufts, enrolls students from some foreign countries which are less than sympathetic to Israel. As a university head, Bacow finds no moral or educational dilemma in the presence of the diverse views of the Fletcher student body.

"Universities are about the free exchange of ideas," he explains. "It's important that we embrace ideas of all sorts, and that there not be an orthodoxy from either the right or the left. It is the obligation of the administration to ensure a civil and thoughtful discourse at all times." He concedes there are heated discussions around this issue on campus, but "there are heated discussions about a lot of things."

Formerly chancellor at MIT, Bacow sees the biggest difference between MIT and Tufts as the focus of the two institutions. Tufts is a "comprehensive university," while MIT is "heavily focused on science, technology and management." Careful not to sound critical of his alma mater and former employer, he sees Tufts undergraduates as heterogeneous in their interests, "more diverse intellectually, though that is not to say MIT students don't have a broad range of interests."

What is similar, he notes, is that both universities are "hamishe places" - not pretentious - and student-centered. He is gratified, too, that the single most popular activity on campus is the Leonard Carmichael Society, which coordinates volunteer opportunities. "Tufts students are passionate in their commitment to social service," Bacow says.

Looking to the future, Bacow foresees a more interdisciplinary approach to studies. "The great intellectual challenge lies not in the heart of disciplines, but at the intersections of disciplines," he explains. There is already a "great return to investments in scholarship which knit together different schools and different disciplines," he notes. Bringing the eight Tufts schools closer together will be one of the new president's priorities.

Though Tufts students have often felt in the shadow of Harvard, Bacow believes there is much that distinguishes Tufts. "We are among the most international of universities at a time when that has never been more important," he says. "Forty percent of our students study abroad. International relations is the most popular undergraduate major; we lead the nation in the number of Peace Corps volunteers from universities with 5,000 students or less; and we do very well on Fulbrights and Marshalls," he adds with noticeable pride.

There is even more to boast about, he says, citing the university's latest accolade: According to the Institute for Scientific Information, Tufts is the number one university in the country in terms of the impact of their research in the fields of public health and health care service based on papers published between 1996 and 2000.

Bacow doesn't want to close the interview without noting the importance of the Tufts Hillel chapter. "It's one of the best in the country," he says. "Rabbi Jeff Summit has been here for 20 years and is beloved by the entire community, not just the Jewish students. Hillel is the center of a vibrant Jewish campus community, a resource for the entire community, offering programming for the entire community."

And what else would he like to say about that entire community? "These are great times for Tufts. I think our best times are ahead of us."

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A Cake to Celebrate a 'Cheesy' Holiday

LINDA MOREL

NEW YORK (JTA) - My father never missed a chance to eat cheesecake. He was a furniture salesman whose territory covered the New York metropolitan area, and whenever he called on stores near a bakery, he purchased a cheesecake. While my mother and brother avoided cheese in any form, he knew he could count on me to join him at the kitchen table after dinner to sample his latest discovery.

"I like the consistency of this one," I said one night, feasting on a slice of creamy cake from a Brooklyn bakery. We felt the best cheesecakes came from places densely populated by Jews and Italians. "But the crust is wimpy," my father said. "A good crust should be crunchy and thick."

"The cake could be tarter," I said. "It's a bit bland."

"Yet it's perfectly moist."

We had no use for dry cheesecakes. Full-blooded Ashkenazi Jews, we were equal-opportunity cheesecake lovers. We adored the zesty citrus flavor infused in the ricotta cheesecakes that my father purchased in Italian neighborhoods.

"But Rueben's really makes the best cheesecake," my father always concluded after we consumed several slices. Since his office was close to the famed Reuben's delicatessen, he frequently brought home their decadent cakes. Four decades later, I'm still working off the calories.

We didn't wait for the late-spring celebration of Shavuot to partake in our favorite luxury. Reform Jews, we called Shavuot "the cheesecake holiday,'' but knew little else about it.

Shavuot is an important late-spring observance that commemorates the giving of the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai. It is often celebrated with all-night study and by eating dairy foods, particularly cheese.

In Psalms 68:16-17, Mount Sinai is called by several names. One of them, mountain of peaks, Bar Gavnunim in Hebrew, shares the same root as gevinah, the word for cheese. Some historians speculate that after receiving the Ten Commandments, the ancient Israelites had been gone from their campsite for so many hours that their milk had soured and was becoming cheese. It's possible that they fasted while receiving the Ten Commandments and returning hungry, reached for milk, a biblical version of fast food.

Accordingly, Shavuot arose as a dairy holiday. For centuries people have indulged in creamy confections for dessert, and cheesecake became the pastry of choice among Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. In the Old Country, recipes called for curd cheeses, such as pot or cottage cheese, which created disappointing results by today's super-rich standards.

Cream cheese was the ingredient that turned a dry cake into a touch of heaven. When farmers in upstate New York invented cream cheese to duplicate French Neufchatel cheese, they never expected enterprising Jewish delicatessen owners in Manhattan to buy the product in bulk for baking.

Arnold Reuben Jr., a descendant of immigrants from Germany, claimed that his family developed the first cream-cheese cake recipe. At a time when other bakeries relied on cottage cheese, Reuben's, then on Broadway and later on Madison Avenue and 58th Street, began baking cheesecakes with Breakstone's cream cheese. In 1929, Reuben's cheesecake won a Gold Metal at the World's Fair.

Unaware of his destiny, a young go-getter named Leo Linderman left school at age 14 to apprentice in a Berlin delicatessen. In 1921, eight years after arriving in America, he opened Lindy's, a delicatessen that he promoted by creating super-sized sandwiches with flamboyant names.

In the 1930s, this marketing genius developed a cheesecake recipe inspired by Kraft's Philadelphia Supreme Cheesecake, and began selling a confection that competed with Reuben's. For decades rumors circulated that Leo Linderman had stolen the Reuben family recipe after luring their German chef into his employ.

Whether the story is true or not, there were differences between the two cakes. Those old enough to remember will tell you that Reuben's cheesecake was simple and delicious, while Lindy's cake, as showy as its inventor, was topped with strawberries in a syrupy gel. In addition, Lindy's crust was doughy, and not to my father's liking.

Unfortunately, my father passed away by the time I married. But fate shined on me the day I met my husband and fell in love with his mother's cheesecake. It is delicate and refined with a smooth texture, deep vanilla flavor and crunchy graham cracker crust.

For a change of pace, there's nothing like a slice of airy ricotta cheesecake with its divine lemon essence. I fashioned this recipe after a cheesecake I enjoyed in Trieste, Italy, visiting my husband's aunt. Sadly, she passed away before I asked for her recipe. For contrast, I added a gingersnap crust.

It's impossible to discuss recipes without paying homage to the delicatessens that made New York as famous for cheesecake as for the Statue of Liberty. Since Reuben's and the original Lindy's restaurant have closed their doors, people who adored their luscious cakes are still haunted by delicious memories. Let's face it - it's been a loss for the Jews.

In the ensuing decades, I've tried to conjure up the qualities of the quintessential New York cheesecake: a graham cracker crust, creamy texture, distinct lemon flavor, and firm but light density. It must be taller than the tines of a fork and slightly sweet but with a little kick. The recipe below delivers on all counts. Yet authentic as it is, nothing compares to those evenings when my father indulged me with wondrous cheesecakes from the bakeries of New York.

Classic New York Cheesecake

Crust:
Heavily coat 10-inch springform pan with cooking spray
1-1/2 cups commercial graham cracker crumbs
5 Tbsp. butter
1 tsp. honey
1/4 cup sugar

Mix ingredients together with hands until well blended and crumbs appear moist. Pour into pan. With hands, spread evenly across the bottom and pat down firmly.

Filling:
5 8-ounce bars cream cheese, at room temperature
2 Tbsp. flour
1 Tbsp. confectioners' sugar
1-1/2 cups sugar
grated rind of 1 lemon
1/2 tsp. orange liqueur
3/4 tsp. vanilla
2 egg yolks at room temperature
5 eggs at room temperature

1. Preheat oven to 400 degrees. 2. Place first five ingredients in large mixing bowl and beat on high until they are completely blended. 3. Add vanilla and 2 yolks, and beat again. 4. Add eggs one at a time, beating well. 5. Pour into prepared pan. Batter will fill pan. Bake for 10 minutes. Top will be golden. Lower oven temperature to 200 degrees and bake for 35 to 45 minutes or until top browns, cake feels bouncy to the touch, and a toothpick tests clean. Cool to room temperature. Serve immediately or cover and refrigerate. Bring to room temperature before serving. Yield: 16-20 slices

Creamy Cheesecake Pie
(Prepare a day ahead)

Crust:
Cooking spray
1-1/4 cups graham cracker crumbs
3 Tbsp. confectioner's sugar
3/8 cup melted butter

1. Coat a 9-inch deep dish Pyrex pie pan with cooking spray. 2. With hands, mix remaining ingredients together well. Pour into pie pan and firmly press into the bottom and sides.

Filling:
2 8-ounce pkg. cream cheese, at room temperature
2 eggs
3/4 cup sugar
1/2 tsp. vanilla

1. Preheat oven to 375 degrees. 2. In a mixing bowl, beat ingredients until well blended. 3. Pour into prepared pie pan. Bake for 17 minutes. Remove from oven and reserve. Raise temperature to 475°.

Topping:

1/2 cup sour cream
1/4 cup sugar
1/2 tsp. vanilla

1. In a mixing bowl, beat ingredients well. Spread gently on top of cream cheese mixture in pie pan. 2. Return cake to oven for five minutes. 3. Cool to room temperature. Refrigerate for one day. Sprinkle with graham cracker crumbs before serving. Yield: 10-12 slices

Ricotta Cheesecake with Gingersnap Crust

Crust:
Cooking spray
1 cup pulverized gingersnaps (about 24 cookies)
1/4 cup flour
2 Tbsp. sweet butter
2 Tbsp. honey

1. Coat an 8-1/2-inch springform pan with cooking spray. 2. Break gingersnaps into pieces and pulverize in a food processor with a metal blade until fine. 3. Add remaining ingredients and process until well blended. 4. Pour coated crumbs into springform and flatten evenly using the palm of a hand until firm. Reserve.

Filling:
15-ounce container of ricotta cheese
8-ounce bar of cream cheese at room temperature
1/2 cup cottage cheese
2 Tbsp. flour
1 Tbsp. confectioner's sugar
1/2 cup sugar
grated rind of 1 lemon
1 tsp. vanilla extract
2 eggs
2 egg whites

1. Preheat oven to 325 degrees. 2. In a large mixing bowl, beat three cheeses on high speed until fluffy and well blended. 3. Add flour and both sugars. Beat well. 4. Add remaining ingredients, beating well until incorporated 5. Pour batter into prepared pan. Bake for 1 hour and 15 minutes, or until cake is golden brown and feels springy to the touch. Cool to room temperature. Serve or refrigerate and return to room temperature before serving. Yield: 12 slices.

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On the Road

Mitzvah Day Musings

GARY BAND
Jewish Journal Staff

On the first truly spring-like day of the season, I participated in Jewish Federation's fourth annual Mitzvah Day, volunteering at the Jewish Family Service Food Pantry at Temple Shalom in Salem, and the American Red Cross in Peabody. In all, nearly 700 volunteers assisted staff members at 25 organizations from Lynn to Gloucester.

For many, after surviving another week of challenges and responsibilities, there isn't much that would compel us to give up lingering over a leisurely Sunday breakfast. For my part, the day was perhaps the first task that went smoothly, without hassle, miscommunication or mishigas, all week. And at the risk of sounding hokey, it was a truly meaningful and yes, spiritual experience.

What does meaningful and spiritual suggest? Like the act of making a minyan, the meaning is both in the act and in the words, or in this case, the work; and the spirituality is in the connectedness of being with other people doing good work and being of use.

In both environments did I meet friendly, energetic and committed people who contributed their time and effort and made a difference in the lives of others. And who, by the end of the day, were themselves changed by the act of working together, if only for a couple of hours, toward a common goal. During the hours I put in, I spoke with people from age 5-65 about why they chose to participate.

While everyone had different stories to tell, a few themes remained constant: to help, to make a contribution to the community, to make a difference. There were over 30 people in the morning shift at Temple Shalom and about the same number during the afternoon shift at the Red Cross. Approximately 500 bags of food were donated to the JFS Food Pantry to be distributed to 15 local families; and the grounds, ambulance bays, and storage areas were raked and cleaned at the Red Cross.

I'd like to thank some of the people I spoke with and who helped coordinate the volunteer effort: Cathy Dougman, Alyse Barbash, Harry Kornfeld, Yoel Drachman, Nicholas Drachman, Gillian Sontz, Stephanie Conroy, Marlene Conroy, Max Sontz, Randy Katz, and Leah Jacobson.

Upon completing my minor mitzvot, I stopped by my friend's house in Lynn to help with her garden which last year yielded the best organic tomatoes I've ever tasted. I asked what her favorite part of planting the garden was and she responded that it was the dirt: working with the land to create exactly what she wanted.

I agreed and said I like looking at a garden as a metaphor for life. That for both to succeed takes initiative, hard work and patience. That you get out what you put in. Tend to your garden and watch it grow.

As the poet Marge Piercy wrote, "The work of the world is as common as mud..." When there is work to be done, on Mitzvah Day and the year round, it's good to know so many community members are willing to come out to make sure it gets done.

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In the Mother Tongue

Puppy Love

JUDITH KLEIN
Jewish Journal Staff

My friend is buying a puppy. We won't even go into this decision as evidence of a mid-life crisis shared with her husband as one daughter gets ready to leave for med school and the other has a year left in college and a boyfriend on the West Coast. For kindness sake, we'll just assume it is that time in their lives for a small furry love object.

Buying a puppy doesn't sound like a complicated venture for two well-educated adults. You go to the animal shelter if you want a hybrid mutt, or to a breeder or private owner for a pedigreed sort. You shell out the big bucks, if not for the little darling, then for a gazillion shots, and go home to your stack of saved newspapers which now have a new purpose in life. Before laying the aging New York Times down, you kiss your wood floors and Oriental rugs fondly, with the full understanding that they will never look the same again.

Ah, that's all there is to it, you think. How naïve. No, my friend informs me, before you even take possession of a new canine, you are invited to Sunday puppy visits to view your intended and begin the bonding process. Then you are asked to attend a puppy luncheon with other hopeful adoptive parents. Many of the women are adorned with puppy necklaces. You comfort yourself with the knowledge that you'll never wear a golden Golden Retriever around your neck. You do, however, learn from others the importance of picking out the proper puppy layette - leashes, soap, blankets, and brushes.

Before long, the naming process begins. For some, this is a simple matter - just name the puppy after your favorite rock star. For others, the matter is more complicated. My friend admits her husband has devised a democratic method, soliciting submissions from friends and relatives which are then ranked by all four family members. To date, 96 submissions have been whittled down to 20, the five with the highest points becoming finalists.

Once Rover takes up residence at your home, you hope to get off the waiting list for puppy kindergarten, so you can spend hours in class learning obedience techniques, effective discipline, and good feeding habits, filling time formerly occupied by children's needs. As adoptive doggie parents, you will receive far more training and guidance than you did before having children.

Then, a few weeks later, when you want to go away for the weekend and you realize there will be double lodging costs, one to your hotel, the other to the kennel, you ask each other whose idea it was to get a dog anyway. You are reassured when you learn some hotels now accept dogs, offer puppy sitting and walking services, and even serve filet mignon doggie chow, if requested.

Later, when Pooch is teething, he brings you your favorite slippers - the ones you can finally afford now that the tuition payments are finished - except they are chewed beyond recognition.

And before another month passes, you find yourself sitting at a restaurant with friends, a nice restaurant with real tablecloths, and you start showing photographs of Fido to your friends, with no realization that they don't care. Spurred on by your total lack of self-awareness, you regale the table with tales of Fido's skills and intelligence, his sensitivity to your moods, his ability to understand your needs. How cute he is when he jumps between the two of you in bed, or licks your faces when you have bagel crumbs on your cheeks, or looks over your shoulder while you do the Sunday crossword puzzle on what he recognizes as his soon-to-be pooping papers.

Your social invitations start to dwindle, but no mind. The three of you are enjoying a closeness others can't understand, and you and your husband have something to talk about since daily discussions about the kids have dried up.

I may just be jealous. If it weren't for allergies, I'd probably be signing up for puppy school alongside my friend. Instead, I'll console myself with a new bag of sunflower seed for the bird feeder, and share a few anecdotes with my colleagues about the clever mice scurrying around my kitchen at 3 a.m.

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local news

Strategic Planning:

Local Institutions Look to the Future

MARK ARNOLD
Jewish Journal Staff

Cohen Hillel Academy is planning its future with some of the people who know it best - parents, staff, and representatives of the larger Jewish community. At an onsite retreat on a rainy Sunday in late April, 40 people spent eight hours in intense discussion and brainstorming - sharing experiences, evaluating strengths and weaknesses, and compiling improvement wish lists.

The retreat is part of a participative process aimed at producing a growth plan that will enable the school to better serve students over the next five years and beyond.

Hillel is just one of a number of community institutions taking steps to plot a future course using the disciplines of strategic planning.

· The Jewish Rehabilitation Center in Swampscott is in the midst of a planning effort begun by its board of directors more than a year ago, with help from an outside health-care consulting firm. "We need to decide how to position ourselves for the next 20-30 years in the face of a rapidly changing health care system, an impending age wave, and aging baby boomers who will be needing care in appropriate settings," explains JRC Chief Executive Officer Stephen R. Roizen.

· The Jewish Community Center of the North Shore in Marblehead will embark on its own planning effort beginning this month. Its board of directors has just approved a plan outline that will include focus groups of staff, members, and community representatives, and an off-site all-member retreat, similar to that undertaken by Cohen Hillel.

· The Jewish Federation, which provides community programs and raises funds to benefit local agencies and Jews around the world, has allocated $50,000 for a demographic study of the community in what will be the first step of a comprehensive planning effort. "There is an incredible need to plan for the future of the community," says Executive Director Lois Giovacchini. "Never before have we assessed the strengths and weaknesses, the opportunities and threats that face us as we go forward. There needs to be a comprehensive effort involving facilities, human resources, programs - all the factors that we need to assess in order to prioritize and allocate resources as a community."

To one extent or another, all Jewish institutions today are facing the same problem: How to maintain and strengthen the bonds of Jewish identity, community, and values at a time of increasing secularization in society. Strategic planning seems to offer a solution. Experts say it is a systematic way of looking at trends, capabilities, resources, and competition, weighing alternative courses of actions, and planning the course most likely to achieve an organization's objectives.

The Cohen Hillel initiative was planned by Head of School Robert Tornberg and Board President Bruce Haskin with assistance from Dr. William A. Weary, president of Washington, D.C.-based Fieldstone Consulting, who also served as facilitator. Weary, a scholarly looking former private school head with a Ph.D. in history from Yale, began the day by describing the "old way" of developing a future plan: "You call in the experts, they write the plan, and you try to sell it."

The better way, he said, "is to gather the various constituencies together - the people who have to live with the results - and obtain their input, their perceptions, and their commitment to a future course." Prior to the all-day session April 28, he held two similar all-day perception-sharing and brainstorming sessions - one with Cohen Hillel's board of directors, the other with faculty and administration.

The 46-year old community day school, affiliated with the Solomon Schechter movement nationally, benefited from several years of increasing enrollment through the middle 90s. The school currently serves 267 students, from all Jewish movements, in kindergarten through eighth grade. Its curriculum includes both secular and religious studies.

Despite its reputation for educational excellence, the school has experienced smaller growth in recent years, stemming from tuition increases driven by increased costs (tuition is now $10,600 per child) and competition with other reputable secular private schools in the area. Cohen Hillel is housed in a modern two-floor building opened in 1986 behind the JCC in Marblehead.

"Help us plan our future," encouraged strategic planning committee co-chair Lowell Gray of Swampscott, in welcoming the participants. "Help us decide how to make Cohen Hillel Academy the key educational resource for Jews on the North Shore."

With that as the charge, the 40 participants were divided into groups of 7 or 8 people, each at separate tables, given assignments, and set to work in breakout stations, forming semi-circles around large sheets of flipchart paper taped to the walls of the academy's multi-purpose room.

They shared their perceptions on such questions as: "What are the values of Hillel?" "What one word describes the school today?" "What (problems) do we put up with, deny, or avoid dealing with?" "What are the characteristics of an ideal Cohen Hillel in 2007?" As groups reported on their discussions, there was clear consensus on many issues.

By 2007, for example, parents and staff said they want the school to be inclusive, more accessible, student centered, innovative, academically excellent, affordable, financially stable, and "a magnet for students and faculty." The school also should be devoted, participants said, to "creating educated, committed and spirited Jews," "producing menschen," and becoming "a transforming agent in the creation of a stronger Jewish community."

But all was not sweetness and light. Facilitator Weary, an educational consultant, reported that comparative school studies suggest that because the academy has largely separate faculties for its religious and secular studies, its faculty is 50 per cent larger than the average private school. To keep costs competitive, he said, some day schools "let their facilities run down and employ an all-female faculty with lawyer husbands." On the other hand, he said, if over time "we could put general and Jewish education in one person," it should be possible to reduce costs while maintaining standards.

During an afternoon session devoted to identifying priorities, members discussed new methods of fund raising, the role of Hebrew literacy in the curriculum, how Jewish the school should be, and ways of improving internal communication and external marketing.

The consultant will compile the information from the series of meetings he has held with school constituencies, and produce a draft plan to share with the board of directors in June. The plan will include different pathways the school can follow to strengthen its role in the community and compete more effectively. Following several weeks of discussion and decisions, a final plan should be ready to implement in the fall, based on the choices made by Cohen Hillel's board.

But whatever the impact of the study on the school, the process of participating had an immediate positive impact on the commitment of those who attended the retreat.

"This day solidified my devotion to giving everything I can to the school," said parent Debra Offenhartz of Swampscott, whose husband Jeffrey Eulau was a member of the academy's first graduating class in the 50s. "I have a heightened sense of the possibilities now," asserted parent Robert Edelstein of Beverly. "It has been very affirming to see a group of people give not just a Sunday but their hearts to work on ideas to make the school better," concluded Jane Goldstein of Swampscott.

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Federation's Israel Trip Moves Destination to Europe

JUDITH KLEIN
Jewish Journal Staff

When white supremacist literature created by a group known as the National Alliance turned up on Chestnut Street in Salem last month, local police were immediately talking to their contacts to find the offenders. Although distributing information of any kind is protected by the First Amendment, the Chestnut Street incident may have crossed a legal line.

Only five or six houses were leafleted, explains Det. Sgt. Conrad J. Prosniewski of the Salem Police Department, whose job entails general detective work as well as hate crimes investigation and serving as the force's information officer. He believes these houses were targeted, since they included the home of the William Korach family.

Weeks earlier, the Korach family was driving through Hamilton when National Alliance members were demonstrating after media attention had been focused on the town selectmen's refusal to endorse the Anti-Defamation League's No Place for Hate program. William Korach began questioning the National Alliance people, when his son Reed allegedly became angry and got out of his car wielding a baseball bat. Although no one was hurt, harsh words were reportedly exchanged.

"It's legal to distribute this information," explains Prosniewski. "It's just like politicians leafletting. The content of this literature, no matter how immoral, still falls within freedom of speech."

However, he adds, two facts make this situation different. "By being as selective as they were, the intent was to taunt the Koraches after the incident in Hamilton," Prosniewski believes. "By doing that, they entered the gray area of witness intimidation which is something I've been speaking to the District Attorney's office about."

Furthermore, the distributors of the National Alliance literature attached information to the Korach front door. Unlike throwing pamphlets or flyers on lawns, "tagging", as it is called, is against the law. According to Prosniewski, sticking flyers to property is akin to spray painting buildings and could be prosecuted as a misdemeanor if the damage is under $250, or as a felony should damage exceed that amount.

Prosniewski doesn't wait for a new incident before pursuing all leads about potentially disruptive elements in his city. "We want to know what's happening in this town. Even if we can't file criminal charges, the groundwork is being laid for the potential of something else happening down the road," he explains.

Even before the Chestnut Street incident, a leafleting in the Salem Common neighborhood a week later, and the subsequent appearance of hate literature at Temple Shalom, the Salem Police were aware through their intelligence operations that the National Alliance was present in the area. "We are developing our own little element here in Salem," Prosniewski notes. "We are trying to find out exactly who is spreading the literature and who is organizing the spreading. We are asking a lot of questions of people who may have knowledge of criminal activity," he says. "We are already pointed in several directions, trying to find out if our leads are substantial."

However, the detective believes Salem is generally inhospitable to any groups which encourage hate and intolerance. "Salem is a kind of unique town," he explains. "There are not many like it in the country. In 1692, Salem received a black eye for the Witch Trials. The aftermath was to breed an atmosphere of tolerance so it would never happen again here."

Prosniewski notes that Salem has "extra level of tolerance" which keeps its statistics for hate crimes way below what might be expected for a city its size. In fact, each year, the State Police question the low numbers, the detective says with some pride. "People around here are good about calling us about any inkling that this kind of thing is happening. It gets snuffed out quickly," says Prosniewski. He refers to the appearance of some skinheads in the city a few years back who were waving Nazi flags. They were shunned, he says, and soon left.

Prosniewski and his co-workers are part of a Commonwealth-wide network investigating the existence of hate groups. Each police department has a designated hate crimes officer and the Attorney General's office maintains a hate crimes task force. With these aids and a resource directory supplied by the Attorney General's office, Prosniewski explains, police departments can follow individuals and groups from city to city, communicating with other jurisdictions both by computer and phone.

The Salem Police department and others also contact the ADL whenever an incident occurs, says the detective. "They get involved," he explains, "because they want to keep abreast of what's going on and disseminate information. They are also a central repository for information, so sometimes, because they see events occurring in different communities, they can put two and two together."

The exchange of information is helpful to both ADL and the police, Prosniewski believes. "Just this morning," he says, I was talking to the ADL about the incident in Salem and they told me about a girl affiliated wth the National Alliance who is living in the Salem area. So now I'll go to the officers, put out a bulletin, and see if anyone knows her. The [police officers] will be on their toes, asking their cronies, beating the bushes."

"It's important for people to know things don't fall upon deaf ears," the seasoned officer concludes. "Our department aggressively pursues any intelligence related to hate incidents."

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Hamilton Committee Plans New Direction

GARY BAND
Jewish Journal Staff

After more than 20 years of service to the community, outgoing District Attorney Kevin Burke and First Assistant D.A. Robert Weiner were honored at the Kernwood Country Club in Salem on May 2 by the New England Anti-Defamation League for their commitment to civil rights and ADL causes.

Robert Leikind, director of the ADL's New England Region, said, "It is events like these that make us stop and think about the things that shape our lives." Referring to the cornerstones of a free, democratic society, Leikind said, "Law and education are like air. We don't think much about it until something goes wrong."

He said that while societies governed by legal and educational traditions "overwhelmingly reject appeals to bigotry and hatred, the new challenge is the outbreak of anti-Semitism in the world like we have not seen in many decades." However, he said, the most important defense against such language and action is "the power of public opinion and the ability of great leaders to project and convey" values consistent with a pluralistic society.

Refering to his days when he worked for Burke as an assitant D.A., Leikind said "Kevin Burke is an example and a role model for everything I aspired to be. He has elevated the bar of public service, and Essex County has been blessed with this kind of leadership."

Burke said the role of his office has always been, and especially since September 11, to protect civil rights. But the question is "How do we do it and do it well? The ADL has taught us. I will never forget this association, and I accept this honor on behalf of all the people I've worked with."

District Attorney Burke is best known for his work on behalf of victims' rights, and his innovative programs to confront crime, teen and domestic violence. He developed the flashpoint curriculum, an educational program that teaches youth how to make more informed choices, especially with regard to violence, substance abuse and prejudice. Burke has also been a leader among prosecutors in the effective application of the state's hate crime laws.

First Assistant D.A. Robert Weiner has worked in the D.A.'s office for the last 24 years. Looking back 40 years, Weiner said he remembers studying Torah with a rabbi at his alma mater, Yeshiva University in New York, and coming across the passage Tzedek, Tzedek, tir dov. Justice, Justice you shall pursue." As it has been said that there are no extra words in the Torah, Weiner wondered at the time why the word "justice" was repeated.

But today, he said the reason is clear: that the pursuit of justice requires the highest integrity and the word is aptly repeated in the Torah. Referring to the work he and Burke have done over the years, he said if Burke only crafted a Victims' Bill of Rights, "Dayenu," it would have been enough. "But he went further. He brought the bar of justice very high."

In his keynote address, Charles Prouty, head of the Boston FBI office, rhetorically asked if law enforcement officials can fight terror and maintain civil rights and liberties. Assuaging concerns that such officials engage in "profiling," Prouty explained that with the anti-terrorism task forces operating throught the country and especially in Massachusetts, "we should feel assured that the Commonwealth and the rights of citizens are being protected."

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Israel Solidarity Efforts Focus on Emergency Fund Raising

MARK ARNOLD
Jewish Journal Staff

Jews on the North Shore and in the Merrimack Valley are reponding to the current crisis in the Middle East in ways old and new. Raising funds for an Israel/Argentina Emergency Appeal is the focal point of many of the efforts.

The North Shore Jewish Federation, coordinating efforts in 22 communities north of Boston, has set a goal of $128,000 in the new campaign, which kicked off in late April and will continue for several weeks. The Merrimack Valley Jewish Federation hopes to raise $100,000 over the same period. The Valley's activities center on a major community rally and prayer meeting involving all synagogues in its area, to be held at Temple Emanuel in Andover on May 13 at 7:30 p.m.

Featured speaker at the rally will be Ira Karem, of the United Jewish Communities' office in Jerusalem. He will bring first-hand knowledge of the human suffering in Israel and discuss its impact on Israeli society.

The two federations are also distributing information to help synagogues and local groups conduct telethons and other Israel solidarity activities.

The emergency campaign is part of a national fundraising effort being conducted by 189 North American Jewish Federations to meet humanitarian and social service needs created by the recent wave of violence. All of the funds raised in both campaigns will go directly the relief effort, with no diversion for administrative or other expenses, officials say.

Part of the money will help settle Argentine immigrants uprooted from their native land by economic hardship there. The rest will go to help Israeli victims of terror and their families, and for protection of civilians. The funds will be used for such purposes as medical and counseling services, training of emergency medical personnel, counseling, and to fortify school buses to withstand attack. Specific recipients of the money will include the United Jewish Communities in Israel, Magen David (Israel's Red Cross), and Jerusalem's Hadassah Hospital.

Some community institutions are sponsoring their own programs to show support for Israel as part of the Emergency Appeal. In a bid to raise $1,000 toward the North Shore Federation goal, Cohen Hillel Academy in Marblehead is asking students to contribute $1 a week until June 30. In addition, Cohen Hillel last week hosted an evening of student performances featuring dance, musical instruments, and singers with admission fees going to the Emergency Appeal.

In other activities, synagogues are including prayers for Israel's well-being at all services. And individual families are staying in close touch with relatives and friends in Israel. Says Rabbi Howard Kosovske of Temple Beth Shalom in Peabody, whose daughter is a Rabbinical student in Jerusalem: "We touch bases every day, by phone or email. And every time the phone rings, we hold our breath."

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Refuser Speaks at Tufts

PENNY SCHWARTZ
Special to The Jewish Journal

At age 18, Guy Grossman eagerly volunteered for the Israeli Defense Forces. He quickly rose in rank in the elite paratrooper unit, and during his first three years of full-time service spent 18 months in the occupied territories and three months in Lebanon.

Now, 11 years later, Grossman, a 29-year-old second lieutenant in the Reserves, is refusing to serve in the occupied territories. He is one of the first members of "Courage to Refuse - Ometz Le'Sarev", a movement of Israeli military officers calling for an end to the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Grossman brought the story of his personal and political journey to an audience at the Granoff Hillel Center at Tufts University in Medford, on April 26, where more than 60 faculty, students, and others filled the sanctuary to hear Grossman's gripping tale.

On Jan. 25, 2002, Grossman, along with 53 other reservists, published an open letter in the Israeli newspaper, Ha'aretz explaining their stance against the occupation - calling it unjust and immoral and a threat to Israel's security. Palestinian terrorist attacks have not been deterred by the occupation, they contended and declared that they will not continue to fight beyond the 1967 borders.

It sparked a national debate. By late April, the number of "refusers" grew to over 420.

Grossman, who grew up in Ra'anana, near Tel Aviv, in a family with strong Zionist ideals, says he is deeply committed to Zionism.

Grossman, who spoke for more than an hour, was soft-spoken yet direct in delivering his message, with an excellent command of English.

He described a turning point in his life. "Nothing prepares you for the dilemmas of the occupation," Grossman said. "In my third year of service, things started to crack. I was 21 years old and a commander of a refugee camp. I was able to go into anyone's house, to stop any person I like."

Grossman recalled a dangerous night when he and two soldiers, dressed in camouflage, were ordered to seize Palestinian activists. "A very large rock was thrown from just 15 yards away and we were surrounded." They were forced to shoot in order to escape and five Palestinians were killed.

Grossman remembers a small article about the incident in the paper the next day.

"I started asking questions. What struck me was that everything was all legal," Grossman says, in stark contrast to his vision of Israel as a strong democracy with a very moral military.

Grossman acknowledged that the terrorist attacks have understandably heightened the fear, hatred, and insecurity which fuels the current fighting and depletes people of hope. But he maintains hope that the warning light cast by the officers will help bring about a lasting peace.

"To serve in an elite unit is part of an Israeli's identity," Grossman explains. The officers who signed the letter, also known as "refusers" are paying a high price for the bold position they have taken because Israel is a very militaristic society. They are no longer part of the camaraderie which is the glue which holds together the Israeli Defense Forces.

Nearly 50 officers who signed the letter have been jailed - usually for 30 days - and the prospect of being tried for treason has been raised.

Several questions sought Grossman's views on solutions. Courage to Refuse argues that a long-term, lasting peace cannot be achieved without an end to the occupation, he explained. The organization has not staked out any other position.

"If there are 420 refusers, we have 420 different opinions about solutions," Grossman replied with a smile.

Grossman was also asked about the analogy sometimes drawn between Israel's fighting terrorism and President Bush's "War against Terrorism." Grossman quickly retorted that there is a big difference. "Tora Bora (in Afghanistan) is like being behind a dark mountain. [Americans] have no idea what's going on there. In Israel, the war is only five minutes away. We know the faces."

Grossman is skeptical of what he calls forced unity, in Israel and in the U.S. "Don't underestimate the support among people living in Israel for the peace movement," he urged.

Grossman, a newlywed, holds a law degree and works professionally at a university. He laments the loss of time with his family as he spends time spreading the message of Courage to Refuse. He is willing to pay this price, however, and face the risks as he clears his own conscience, and thinks of the future of Israel's children and the future security of Israel.

Grossman concluded his remarks by saying instead that, "This is time to raise your voice."

In a separate interview, Rabbi Jeffrey Summit explained Hillel's purpose in bringing Grossman to the Medford campus. "We are committed to a vision of Israel as a strong, vibrant democracy and we want people to see that this kind of debate is possible in Israel, the one democracy in the Middle East.

"We sponsor Israeli speakers across the political spectrum, including Yitzhak Levanon, the Israeli Consul General of N.E. and most recently, Mark Regev, the spokesman of the Israel Embassy in Washington DC."

Grossman's talk at Tufts, which was co-sponsored by the Institute for Global Leadership, was his third of five presentations in the Greater Boston area, the last on April 28 at Temple Israel in Boston, before a crowd of 1,000. He has received widespread publicity, including a Boston Globe editorial endorsement.

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national stories

North Shore Residents Join D.C. Rally

INA HOFFMAN
Special to The Jewish Journal

By bus, car, plane, subway and train they arrived - from Los Angeles to Maine and everywhere between. Among the more than 100,000 people, North Shore community members arrived on April 15 to participate in the largest public gathering in support of Israel. With less than one week to prepare, organizers called for a national mobilization of American supporters including day schools and synagogues, federations and Hillels. And they responded - on the West Front of the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.

"I found the trip and the rally to be both exhilarating and comforting all at the same time," explained Cynthia Ittelman of Swampscott, who traveled on one of the two chartered planes leaving from Logan Airport. "To think that so many of us, nationwide, share such a deep love and concern for Israel. There were handmade posters galore at the rally but my favorite was, 'Wherever we stand, we stand with Israel'. I hope our government, the people of Israel and the world got our message loud and clear."

Speakers highlighting the day included former Mayor Rudy Giuliani, Elie Wiesel, Israeli Minister of Housing Natan Sharansky, and former Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Other speakers included House Minority Leader Richard Gephardt, Senator Barbara Mikulski, House Majority Leader Richard Armey, Deputy U.S. Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz, and NY Governor George Pataki.

Ralph Kaplan, long-time Israel supporter and community leader, was invigorated by the day. "The rally was quite exciting," he said. "I appreciated the speakers, especially the congressmen and politicians who came out to support Israel. A friend of mine told me his daughter, a student at the New Jewish High School, traveled a total of two days by bus just to be part of the rally and support Israel. It was amazing to see so many young people and how enthusiastic they were singing, cheering and excited to be with over 100,000 people in support of Yisrael Chai!"

North Shore participants traveling to Washington, D.C. included Marian Bromberg, Esther and Felice Cohen, Mark Farber, Robert Finkel, Desiree Gil, Jake Goldstein, Ina and Alan Hoffman, Cynthia Ittelman, Rachel Jacobson, Ralph Kaplan, Rabbi Yossi Lipsker, Rabbi Neal Loevinger, Adrienne, Eliashiv, Rina, Talya and Yael Mazor, Cantor Sam, Mona, and Alyssa Pessaroff Justin Remis, Rabbi Ilana Rosansky, Linda Scott, and Rita Swartz.

"Witnessing the love and commitment to Israel resonated our Federation's mission of keeping our children Jewish as I saw thousands of young people ­ with their families, day schools, synagogues and college Hillels stand together at the rally, explained Federation's Singles coordinator Felice Cohen. "I had the opportunity to share this day with my daughter, and it is something I will always remember," Federation's Singles Coordinator Felice Cohen explained. "As our North Shore community raises funds through the Israel/Argentina Emergency Appeal, let us remember that we can all make a difference."

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Pro-Palestinians Mimic Pro-Israel Playbook

MICHAEL J. JORDAN

NEW YORK (JTA) - There's the diplomatic front, the P.R. war and the actual battlefield. Now the Middle East conflict is also playing out in the American street.

For months, pro-Israel and pro-Palestinian groups have demonstrated with some regularity in New York and other cities nationwide.

The street activism reached a crescendo in the past two weeks.

On April 15, more than 100,000 pro-Israel supporters poured into Washington for a rally that was said to be the largest-ever on behalf of the 54-year-old Jewish state.

Then on Saturday, tens of thousands of "anti-war, anti-racism" protesters converged on the nation's capital - the media said it was between 35,000 and 50,000 - in defense of the Palestinians, against the campaign in Afghanistan and against the assault reportedly in the works for Iraq.

Another rally that day in San Francisco reportedly drew between 30,000 and 50,000, and several others took place across the country.

And on Monday, outside the annual conference of the influential pro-Israel lobby, the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, several hundred Palestinians, Socialists and environmental activists chanted slogans such as "Long Live the Intifada" and demanded that the United States staunch the flow of military aid to Israel.

The real prize at stake: American public opinion, and ultimately, U.S. policy in the Middle East.

Even with much of the Third World, the United Nations and Western Europe solidly behind the Palestinians, it's clear that the position of the United States is the only position that truly matters.

Pro-Israel advocates say the United States is proving itself to be Israel's "indispensable ally" now more than ever.

Which is worrying the other side.

The United States has become the main player on the international stage, Edward Said, a Columbia University professor and a member of the Palestine National Council, wrote recently in the London-based Arabic daily Al Hayat.

"However, we have never realized the importance of methodical organization of political work on a popular level, in an effort to bring about a situation in which the ordinary American does not immediately think of 'terrorism' whenever he hears the word 'Palestinian.' This kind of work provides real protection for the gains achieved on the ground through our resistance to Israeli occupation."

While pro-Palestinian advocates like Said bemoan the inadequate level of pro-Palestinian organization here in the United States, Jewish observers note with admiration and worry the huge strides made toward leveling the playing field.

There was a time when the American Jewish activism reigned supreme.

Yet, as the Arab- and Muslim-American population has grown in this country, these groups have observed how certain pressure groups got their points across.

"Many in the Arab- and Palestinian-American community have been wise to learn from the history of activism in this country, whether for good causes or bad, if it was against Vietnam or South Africa's apartheid, or for Zionism," said Mazin Qumsiyeh, a co-founder and spokesman for Al-Awda, the Palestinian Right to Return Coalition, which has been involved in organizing numerous pro-Palestinian demonstrations.

With that wisdom has come greater savviness in public advocacy, say some Jewish observers.

For example, pro-Palestinian demonstrators are trying to appeal to a wider swath of society by portraying the conflict as one that transcends politics and land, and is more about fighting racism and defending human rights.

In many ways, pro-Palestinian activists now match the Jewish community move for move: a flurry of large newspaper ads published by the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee over the past week in The New York Times, Washington Post and International Herald Tribune seemed to be a page taken from the Jewish playbook.

Sometimes, they also succeed in putting the Jewish community on the defensive: Jewish students are now struggling to counter Arab and Muslim activists who recently launched on several university campuses a campaign to divest from Israel, similar to that taken during the 1980s against South Africa.

What prevents their message from penetrating a wider audience, pro-Palestinian activists routinely say, is "Zionist influence" over the media and lawmakers.

Jewish leaders, not surprisingly, disagree.

"They are trying to emulate the example set by American Jews, whether in the streets or other means, but there's a fundamental misunderstanding on their part," said Malcolm Hoenlein, executive vice chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, which was a co-organizer of the April 15 rally.

"The American people support us because they agree with us. And the congressional leadership comes to our rallies, not theirs, because at ours, everyone supports the administration."

In contrast, he said, they criticize the administration, and what they say is not in sync with the view of the lawmakers and "what is seen as America's interest."

More effective than the activists on the ground, Hoenlein said, are the Arab spokespeople who appear frequently on CNN and speak directly to viewers.

Hoenlein conceded, though, that pro-Palestinian supporters in America have gained the upper hand on college, and even high school, campuses.

He also said the Jewish community has grown too complacent.

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international news

Sharon: Don't Trust Arafat, Saudis

MATTHEW E. BERGER

WASHINGTON, (JTA) - Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon came to the United States this week with a mission - to paint a different picture for the Bush administration and the American public about Israel's once and, perhaps, future peace partners.

In fact, Sharon didn't have to do much: A Palestinian bomber blew up a pool hall in the Tel Aviv suburb of Rishon le-Zion, killing at least 15 people and wounding more than 60, just as Sharon and Bush were preparing to meet. The two leaders were informed of the attack during their meeting.

The bombing was the first major terror attack against Israel in nearly a month, and the first since the Israel Defense Force withdrew from Palestinian cities it invaded in late March after a prior wave of terror.

It also was the first attack since Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat was released from virtual house arrest in Ramallah and immediately began inciting against Israel.

Hamas claimed responsibility for the bombing. Arafat strongly condemned the bombing, but said Palestinian security forces are too weak to crack down on terrorism.

After the bombing, Sharon cut short his U.S. visit and returned to Israel - but not before warning that "all those who believe that they can make gains through the use of terror will cease to exist."

Mindful of pressure from the Arab world, the Bush administration has been pressuring Israel to resume its dealings with Arafat.

Sharon was seeking to convince the Americans that Arafat has reneged on past agreements, has chosen violence over peace and cannot be trusted - and thus can't be a player in future political negotiations.

With a tentative diplomatic opening emerging in recent weeks after 19 months of violence, Sharon's strategy is important because it could influence the contours of any future peace talks.

Even after his meeting with President Bush, however, it's too early to tell whether Sharon succeeded.

Emerging from the meeting, Bush was asked whether Sharon should negotiate with Arafat.

"I'm never going to tell my friend the prime minister what to do," he said.

Bush also announced that he was sending CIA Director George Tenet to the Middle East to help with the construction of "a unified security force" for the Palestinians.

Arafat currently maintains numerous and often competing security forces - whose jurisdictions and lines of authority are not clear - as well as informal militias tied to his Fatah political movement.

Israel says the multiplicity of forces contributes to the general lawlessness and lack of accountability in Palestinian areas.

Both leaders agreed on the need for major reforms in Palestinian government.

Bush said he hoped Arab states would work on reforming the Palestinian leadership "as soon as possible."

Sharon said it was premature to discuss a Palestinian state until the Palestinian Authority undertook real reforms.

If support cannot be mustered to depose Arafat, Sharon reportedly is proposing that Arafat become a figurehead president, while a new prime minister would wield real power in the Palestinian Authority.

Sharon's efforts came just weeks after Israeli officials and pro-Israel activists were basking in their bond with theadministration, as it seemed that Israeli and American positions on the Middle East were closely aligned. Following pressure on the White House from Arab states, however, the tide seemed suddenly to have turned.

Some argue that Bush is not working from a clear playbook, but rather is following the advice of the last person he speaks to. A productive meeting with Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah late last month in Crawford, Texas, changed the American focus to the leadership role that relatively moderate Arab states could play in ending the Israeli-Palestinian conflict - and led to several weeks of tough White House talk toward Israel.

One goal of the Israeli delegation that visited Washington was to paint Saudi Arabia as an accomplice to terrorism - based on evidence of its funding to groups like Hamas and payments to the families of suicide bombers - rather than the leader in a push for peace.

Yet Bush seems to have a new interest in using a Saudi peace initiative as the backbone of future negotiations. The initiative calls on Arab states to normalize relations with Israel in exchange for an Israeli withdrawal from all land won in the 1967 Six-Day War.

Bush also reprised his earlier tough comments demanding an immediate withdrawal of Israeli troops from the West Bank.

In addition, the United States and Europe brought increasing pressure on Israel to allow Arafat to leave his Ramallah headquarters.

Israel also was severely criticized for refusing to allow a U.N. fact-finding team to investigate Israel's attack on terrorists in the Jenin refugee camp.

Even while Congress was passing bills last week in solidarity with Israel, the Bush administration was emphasizing a more international approach.

Russia, the European Union and the United Nations joined U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell in announcing an international peace conference for early this summer.

Taken together, the developments led Israeli officials and many American Jewish leaders to conclude that the peace process was being pushed at the clip that Arab states demanded. Many pro-Israel forces in the Jewish community and Congress worry that the new momentum could lead to undue pressures on Israel.

As the timetable toward political negotiations appeared to be cut, the White House was calling for negotiations to begin alongside security talks, rather than after a cease-fire.

The Anti-Defamation League's national director, Abraham Foxman, charged that the Bush administration was changing the rules of the game to please the Arab world.

"We set forth the parameters and the Saudis say no, and Arafat says no, and Egypt says no, and we keep changing the parameters," Foxman said.

"I no longer hear the Tenet and Mitchell formula in sequence," he said, referring to the U.S. proposals for a cease-fire leading to political negotiations that had been framing U.S. policy.

Few believe the Arab states will persuade the United States to push Israel all the way back to the pre-1967 borders, but a real understanding of the Bush administration's "line in the sand" has yet to emerge.

Clearly, the Bush administration also is coming under pressure from Congress.

Lawmakers overwhelmingly supported bills last week expressing solidarity with Israel, and have been expressing concerns about Arafat and Saudi Arabia that mirror the Israeli arguments. Sharon met briefly with congressional leaders Tuesday night before leaving for Israel.

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Clinton Peace Proposal Rises from the Dead

LESLIE SUSSER

JERUSALEM (JTA) Barely 10 weeks after they were presented in late December 2000, President Clinton's bold Israeli-Palestinian peace proposals appeared to be dead and buried.

Palestinians had launched a new wave of terror attacks, Israel had a new, more hawkish prime minister, and a new American president, who vowed to follow a different route, had taken in power in Washington.

Even Clinton and Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, when each left office early in 2001, announced that the generous offer that Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat had spurned was no longer "on the table."

Yet just more than a year later, the "Clinton parameters" are enjoying a revival. Israel's Operation Protective Wall temporarily crippled the Palestinian terrorist infrastructure, but it also underlined just how explosive the situation is and how easily it could ignite a wider regional conflict.

In the international community, there now is a general consensus on the need for a credible political process to preempt new eruptions of violence.

Moderate Arab leaders from Saudi Arabia, Egyptian and Jordan have been suggesting a return to the Clinton formula, and the Americans and Europeans have been listening.

The attraction is that the parameters offer a giant leap to the endgame. The downside is that the government of Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon won't touch them.

Recent peace initiatives - including the Saudi plan and President Bush's "vision" for Mideast peace - all see the solution as two states, Israel and Palestine, coexisting side by side.

But none of the plans offers a clear road map on how to get there.

"We need Israel now to move directly to final status" negotiations, Jordanian Foreign Minister Marwan Muasher said. "We need a roadmap. We need a calendar."

Many believe the Clinton parameters are the missing guide.

"We don't want to have to start from square one," Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Maher said, underlining the Arab demand that the peace talks resume from the point they broke off at Taba, Egypt, in January 2001, with the Israelis and Palestinians negotiating on the basis of the Clinton parameters and, by all accounts, making considerable headway.

U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell last week announced that an international conference on the Israeli- Palestinian conflict will be held this summer. For it to be of any value, Arab states say, it must be convened on the basis of the Saudi plan - which calls for an Israeli withdrawal from all territory won in the 1967 Six-Day War in exchange for peace with the Arab world - and the Clinton parameters.

The Clinton parameters dealt with the three core issues in the Israeli-Palestinian impasse - territory, Jerusalem and refugees. On territory, Clinton proposed a Palestinian state in Gaza and 94 percent to 96 percent of the West Bank, with compensation for the remaining land from Israel proper. On Jerusalem, he proposed a division of sovereignty from neighborhood to neighborhood, based on demographics, and suggested various options for shared sovereignty on the Temple Mount.

On refugees, Clinton proposed that most go to the envisioned state of Palestine, some to Israel and others to a list of countries willing to absorb a set number.

The implication was that if the sides could tie up the loose ends on these key issues, they could reach a historical peace deal formally ending the conflict between them.

But Sharon is not ready to go down that road. Nearly 20 months of violence have shown that the Palestinians cannot be trusted to keep the peace, and that Israel should not be asked to make irreversible concessions that weaken its defenses, Sharon argues.

Sharon also is against dividing Jerusalem or allowing any refugees back into Israel proper.

Moreover, he has a major strategic problem with the territorial provisions of the Clinton parameters: He believes Israel must retain the Jordan Valley as a buffer to prevent Iraq, Syria and even Jordan from joining forces to attack Israel from the east.

Sharon envisages Israel having two defensive columns, one for defense against the Palestinians along the pre-1967 border with the West Bank, and one in the Jordan Valley for defense from the east.

Both zones would bite into West Bank territory, leaving any future Palestinian state with 85 percent or less of the West Bank.

Rather than a leap to final status, therefore, Sharon is proposing a more measured approach in three phases over an indefinite period.

First, he says, there must be a process of democratization in the Palestinian Authority, with all armed forces placed under one central authority and financial transparency instituted to prevent development funds donated by Europe from being used again to finance terrorist attacks against Israel, as Israel says they have been used in the past.

Second, for a trial period, there would be a Palestinian state on part of the territory only. Third, negotiations on final borders, Jerusalem and refugees would take place only after the trial period proves successful.

Sharon is convinced that there is no chance of achieving real peace as long as Yasser Arafat is the Palestinian leader. For his key tete-a-tete with President Bush this week, Sharon brought documents to Washington detailing Arafat's involvement in financing terrorism against Israel.

But no one in the Palestinian camp talks about deposing Arafat.

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Report Details Arab Anti-Semitism

SHARON SAMBER

WASHINGTON (JTA) - "Bone-chilling" and "hair-raising" usually are terms reserved for horror movies, not research reports.

But those words are being used to describe a new report on Muslim anti-Semitism published by the American Jewish Committee.

AJCommittee officials hope the hate literature rampant in the Arab world no will longer be glossed over, but will become an issue that is acknowledged and confronted.

"We must not let such warnings go unheeded," said David Harris, the AJCommittee's executive director.

For much of the past year, American Jewish groups have been warning of the virulent strain of Muslim anti-Semitism, particularly since the Sept. 11 terror attacks, which many in the Arab and Muslim world have tried to blame on Israel.

Many observers say the spike in anti-Semitism around the world, which includes a rise in attacks against Jews and Jewish institutions in Europe, is the worst in decades.

But the AJCommittee report says special attention must be paid to Muslim anti-Semitism, because of its ferocity and its capacity to complicate already difficult peace efforts in the Middle East.

In "Muslim Anti-Semitism: A Clear and Present Danger," Professor Robert Wistrich of the Hebrew University writes that the anti-Semitism in the Arab world's press and governments "has taken root in the body politic of Islam to an unprecedented degree."Already present for a number of years, Arab anti-Semitism has become more widespread, intensive and radicalized, Wistrich said at a press conference in Washington on Tuesday.

In his view, Arab anti-Semitism is the "single biggest impediment to peace in the Middle East," and attempts to ignore it will boomerang, Wistrich warned.

It is a mistake to consider the current wave of anti-Semitism a by-product of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Wistrich said.

Components of classical European anti-Semitism - slogans, images, stereotypes and conspiracy theories against Jews - now have been incorporated into Arab anti-Semitism.

The contents of the Muslim anti-Semitism often defy logic. Even as many Arab governments or media deny the Holocaust, they compare Israel to Nazi Germany because of its treatment of Palestinians, trying to "Nazify" Zionism, Wistrich said.

Wistrich is not the only scholar to sound the alarm. Daniel Pipes, director of the Middle East Forum, a Philadelphia-based think tank, says Muslim anti-Semitism is part of a larger picture.

"It is a mistake to look at terrorism in isolation and it is a mistake to look at anti-Semitism in isolation," he said. "They are part of a totalitarian ideology of militant Islam."

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Court Accepts Liberal Conversions in Israel; Orthodox Vow to Fight On

JESSICA STEINBERG

JERUSALEM (JTA) - Non-Orthodox Jews both inside and outside Israel are celebrating a historic court ruling recognizing Reform and Conservative conversions as valid and binding upon the Jewish state.

Given the complexity of Israeli society, however, Wednesday's ruling by Israel's High Court of Justice is not binding on the Israeli rabbinate.

The result is that the Interior Ministry must now register Israelis who had Reform or Conservative conversions as Jews on their national identification cards - but the rabbinate will not consider them Jews for "personal status" issues such as marriage or burial.

Orthodox leaders have condemned the ruling, and it is not clear if the Interior Ministry, which is run by the fervently Orthodox Shas Party, will abide by it.

In addition, efforts are already under way in the Knesset to undermine the ruling through legislation.

Still, leaders of the non-Orthodox streams rejoiced after Wednesday's ruling, which decided some 50 cases that had wended their way through the court system for years.

"The ruling has historical consequence because it strengthens Jewish pluralism in Israel," said Rabbi Uri Regev, head of the World Union for Progressive Judaism, the umbrella agency for Reform and other liberal organizations in 40 countries.

"It effectively repels the Orthodox establishment that holds that Reform and Conservative converts aren't worthy of being recognized because of the liberal identities of the rabbis that convert them," he said.

The conversion issue has sparked vicious fights over the question of "Who is a Jew" and strained relations between Israel - where the Orthodox largely control religious life - and the Diaspora, where the liberal streams are stronger.

It has also threatened the stability of previous Israeli governments, when Orthodox parties vowed to leave the governing coalition if changes to the so-called religious status quo were enacted.

At one point, Israel's non-Orthodox groups had agreed to freeze the court cases while compromise solutions were sought, but ultimately renewed the cases when the standoff continued.

Outlining the court's reasoning in its 9-2 decision, Chief Justice Aharon Barak wrote: "Israel is not a state of a Jewish community, Israel is the state of the Jewish people."

The ruling also said, "Our basic concepts grant each individual the liberty to decide his or her affiliation to one stream or another."

"It's obviously a complete and total victory," said Rabbi Andrew Sacks, executive head of Israel's Masorti Movement, as the Conservative movement is known in Israel.

The court's language emphasizes the importance of not enshrining one stream of Judaism above others, Sacks said.

"All those people who converted with us and are listed as Ukranian or Peruvian or whatever, now they can have Jewish listed on their identity cards."

The ruling pertains to conversions performed in Israel; those converted by non-Orthodox rabbis outside of Israel already are being registered as Jews.

The laminated, light green ID cards, carried in blue plastic billfolds, are a staple in every Israeli's wallet. An Israeli ID number is used for paying bills, receiving insurance benefits, even buying a cellular phone.

Nevertheless, the decision carries no weight with Israel's powerful Orthodox establishment.

The court's decision recognizes the concept of religious pluralism in Israel, but Reform and Conservative conversions still are not recognized by the Israeli rabbinate, which maintains its monopoly on issues such as marriage.

"So what if they have an identity card that says they're Jewish," said Avraham Ravitz, leader of the fervently religious United Torah Judaism bloc.

"It doesn't mean they're recognized by Jewish law as being Jewish. It's just bureaucratic."

That raised the prospect of Israelis receiving some of the privileges of being Jewish in the Jewish state, but not others.

"The decision will very much confuse these 'converts' whose conversions, in my view, do not hold," Israel's chief Ashkenazic rabbi, Yisrael Meir Lau, told Army Radio.

"Their identity cards will be worthless. Tomorrow if they want to register to get married, the day after if they go to the Immigration Ministry to ask for their basket of benefits or citizenship, they'll be told, 'No, you're only thought of as a Jew on the population rolls, while as far as everything else goes, you remain in your goyishness.'"

Indeed, Interior Minister Eli Yishai, head of the fervently Orthodox Shas Party, said that he could not bring himself "to register a non-Jew as a Jew."

One solution, he said, was to note on the converts' ID cards that they are Reform Jews or Conservative Jews.

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arts & entertainment

'Swimming' Author Writes from Her 'Subconscious'

GARY BAND
Jewish Journal Staff

"When I wrote the book, it never occurred to me that Jewish women would be my audience," said Carole Glickfeld, author of Swimming Toward the Ocean (Knopf, February 2001). "But I've been surprised to hear that men think it's sexy and that women like the relationships."

The former New Yorker and director of the Mayor's Office for Senior Affairs, who for the last 10 years has taught creative writing at the University of Washington in Seattle, will speak at a Mother's Day Shabbat service at Temple Beth El in Swampscott on May 10.

Glickfeld's first book, Useful Gifts, a collection of short stories, won the Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction in 1989. She has also written a one-act play called The Challenge that has been performed by hundreds of senior citizens groups throughout the US and Canada. A graduate of the City College of New York, Glickfeld received a Literary Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, and was a Fellow at the Bread Loaf Writer's Conference in Vermont and the McDowell Colony in Peterborough, NH.

Set in New York City in the 1950s, Swimming Toward the Ocean - with "swimming" as a metaphor for risk - follows 40 years in the life of Jewish Russian immigrant Chenia Arnow through the eyes of her unwanted - and at first unborn - daughter, Devorah. Opening the book with the words "I imagine..." the first-person omniscient narrative voice tells and often imagines the story of her mother, unhappily married to a German Jewish man named Ruben who has a knack for extra-marital affairs and filing frivolous lawsuits.

Chenia, a Betty Grable look-alike with a sharp tongue, has two other children, a boy and a girl. She holds firm to old-world superstitions, such as fear of the Evil Eye and the need to say kenahora three times and throw salt over her shoulder to expel any evil forces from her midst. While her husband conducts his affair, Chenia engages in a romance of her own, though not without hesitation. "The mother knows her affair could wreck the marriage, but she feels so alive in doing it that she must seek it out," says Glickfeld.

However, as Charlene Kahn writes in the Seattle Jewish Transcript, "Glickfeld draws her characters humanely and without judgment."

Although the book is entirely the product of the author's imagination, "I write purely out of the subconscious," some of Glickfeld's life, such as her growing up in Brighton Beach (whose boardwalk figures heavily as a place of escape in the book), plays into the text. She consulted five Yiddish dictionaries and worked with a Yiddish teacher to include the many Yiddish words and phrases that enhance the already rich, witty cultural dialogue throughout the book.

What inspired her to write it? "A writer hears voices and sees images," she said. For this book, the author said she was sitting in one of the original Starbucks coffee shops near her home where she traditionally edits all her writing from the night before.

"I wanted to write longer works than I had before, but nothing was coming to me. I was getting sort of depressed when I saw a vision of a pregnant woman walking up to the roof of her building and jumping rope to dislodge the fetus." She continued to write, getting more depressed and thinking this could never be published. She soon forgot these thoughts and got engrossed in story."

I let my characters take on a life of their own, and try to fight the censor in my brain. I make sure that every word has a reason for being there. I sweated every one of the 100,000 words in the book." A self-confessed night owl, she writes at night and edits during the day. She had to set her alarm to be up when I called her at 12:30 p.m. Seattle time.

As the daughter of deaf parents, Glickfeld says she credits her mother with whom she spent much of her time growing up with helping her "create backgrounds for people" and "making sense of the world."

"In sign language, we dealt only with nouns and verbs, no excess. Writing is very visual. I don't try to do anything in particular other than to tell a story."

While Glickfeld was at the McDowell Colony in New Hampshire reading a story from her first book, the writer Oscar Hijuelos approached her and said he had the same experience with immigrant parents as she had with deaf parents. "We're both constantly interpreting the world back to them," he said.

The author says the book focuses on memory and has a strong mother-daughter theme. "The need to tell the story about her mother is what makes the book happen," Glickfeld said, "but the relationship is what makes it complicated."

Reactions to her book have been extremely positive. Glickfeld says if the book touches readers that is the greatest compliment. "My hope is that it will speak to people's experience. The fact a